Kyrgyzstan lies in Central Asia, landlocked by several countries including China to the east and southeast, Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and on the south by Tajikistan.

The geography of Kyrgyzstan is dominated by the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain systems, which occupy about 65% of the national territory. The mountains of Kyrgyzstan are marked by sharply uplifted peaks separated by deep valleys. Only around the Chui, Talas, and Fergana valleys is the land sufficiently flat for large-scale agriculture. Almost 90% of the country lies more than 1,500 meters above sea level.

The country's climate is predominantly continental with local variations due to the prominence of the mountains and fact that the country is landlocked.

Kyrgyzstan’s natural resources include significant deposits of gold and other minerals. The country has deposits of coal, uranium, mercury, antimony, nepheline, bismuth, lead, and zinc and with some small reserves of oil and natural gas.