Mongolia is the 19th largest country and 2nd largest landlocked country in the world and lies within Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west.

Mongolia has a varied geography including mountains, plains, forests lakes and sand dunes. Mongolia has three major mountain ranges in the country, the Altai Mountains, the Khangai Mountains and the Khentii Mountains. Northern and western Mongolia are subject to seismic activity whilst to the south lies the Gobi Desert. Mongolia is a high country with an average elevation of 1,580 metres above sea level.

Mongolia has a cold, and dry climate with long, cold winters and short summers; much of Mongolia is covered by discontinuous permafrost. Summer extremes reach as high as 38°C in the southern Gobi region.

Mongolia is rich in natural resources, holding significant quantities of coal reserves. Other deposits include copper, tin, gold and molybdenum.