Saudi Arabia is the 13th largest country in the world and the largest country of Arabia, occupying over 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. It has extensive coastal borders along the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. Saudi Arabia shares land borders with Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Saudi Arabia can be divided into several different regions:

• The northern mountains and plateaus bordering Iraq and Jordan
• The western highlands including the mountain ranges of Hejaz and Asir
• The central Najd plateau
• The eastern plateaus and plains
• The Tihama coastal plains of the south west
• The Empty Quarter (Al-Rub Al Khali) desert
• Desert valleys including the An-Nafud and the Ad Dahna which follows the Jabal Tuwayq escarpment.

The climate of Saudi Arabia is one of extreme daytime temperatures, regularly reaching between 45 and 54°C, followed by cool evenings.

Saudi Arabia holds the second largest reserves of oil in the world and the sixth largest reserves of natural gas. It also possesses reserves of iron ore, gold and copper.